Guru-Shishya Parampara Reimagined — How AI tutors and adaptive learning platforms reshape the traditional teacher–student bond while retaining its core relational and ethical dimensions

Abstract

The growing integration of artificial intelligence in education has transformed traditional models of teaching and learning, particularly through AI tutors and adaptive learning systems that enable personalized instruction at scale. At the same time, these developments raise critical questions regarding the preservation of the relational and ethical dimensions of education. This paper revisits these concerns through the lens of Guru–Shishya Parampara, a pedagogical tradition rooted in mentorship, trust, moral guidance, and holistic development. Drawing upon literature on Indian knowledge systems, adaptive learning technologies, AI ethics, and NEP 2020, the study argues that artificial intelligence should not be viewed as a substitute for the teacher but as an enabling partner that can strengthen the mentor’s role. It proposes a Hybrid AI–Guru Model in which intelligent systems support personalization, diagnostics, and access, while teachers preserve the emotional, ethical, and transformative dimensions of education. The paper contends that the future of education lies in integrating technological innovation with enduring human values.